Business Entrepreneurs Critical Mistakes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Business Entrepreneurs Critical Mistakes? Answer: Introducation The income the board for the business is the way toward examining, upgrading and checking the aggregate sum of money receipts decreased with money installments. The net income is the significant measure for estimating the money related strength of any business (Bhandari and Iyer 2013). Advantages of the income the executives It helps in getting ready for unanticipated occasions that might be looked by the organization in not so distant future. It helps in breaking down the liquidity of the business and observing the money inflows and money outpourings for better future arranging. Three segments of the income arranging Working income it is income that is created from the inner activities Putting away income it is inside produced from the non-working exercises Financing income it is the money from and to the outer sources like investors, speculators and loan specialists (Call, Chen and Tong 2013). Motivation behind the income arranging Motivation behind the income arranging is to convey the data with respect to the gross installments and gross receipts of the organization for the particular timeframe. The net changes in the income are equivalent to the money and money proportionate figure revealed under the monetary record of the organization (Farshadfar and Monem 2013). Estimation required for setting up the income financial plan Different estimations required while setting up the money financial plans are Assessed inflows of money for the time period Assessed surges of money for the time span Estimation of the companys future money position Income condition Assessed money inflows + Estimated deals Estimated money surges = Ending money balance Biggest segment of money surge in retail business Cost of the products to be sold is the biggest money surge segment in the retail business. The retail organizations buy the stock with the end goal of resale and the expense of these stocks are alluded as the expense of merchandise sold. Along these lines, it is the biggest segment. fundamental budget summaries Asset report Income explanation [Being PC bought through cheque] Settling issue in regards to flexibly Search for whatever other flexibly who can gracefully inside the time period or Put in greater request for concealing the setback or Settling the issue through speaking with the provider Improving the income of the business To improve the income in transient period the organization can Lessen credit period that is offered to the purchasers Approach the provider for permitting longer installment period Offer limits on advances held with the borrower (Lee and Parker 2013) Money related report investigation Examination of the money related report helps with looking at the budgetary information over the timeframe. It further aides in examining the accompanying Liquidity of the business that is the money related worth of the organization on explicit day Productivity of the business that is the means by which effectively is can turns its stock to income Benefit of the business that is capacity of the organization to confront rivalry. Money receipts from offer of the administrations and merchandise Income $ 200,000.00 Cost of merchandise sold $ 150,000.00 Net benefit $ 50,000.00 Working costs $ 100,000.00 Total compensation $ (50,000.00) Income Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Opening money position $ (600.00) $ (50,420.00) $ (48,957.00) Complete receipts $ 203,020.00 $ 4,680.00 $ 3,716.00 Complete installments $ 252,840.00 $ 3,217.00 $ 5,960.00 Net income $ (49,820.00) $ 1,463.00 $ (2,244.00) Shutting money position $ (50,420.00) $ (48,957.00) $ (51,201.00) Buying or refurbishing choice Picking of undertaking Both the recommendations appear to be useful for the improvement of the organization as both can be utilized to build the income. On the off chance that with the new wood fire pizza is sold at ($ 15.00 - $ 4.50) = $ 10.50, at that point the all out pay will be (150*12*$ 10.50) = $ 18,900. Along these lines the business income will be expanded by 9.8%. On the opposite the income can be expanded by 20% if the foundation is reestablished. Along these lines, the siblings will pick the alternative of reestablishing the foundation (Coates 2014). The investors will be persuaded as the second choice will give them more profits for their venture. Counseling for taking choice with respect to refurbishing or buying the gear The choice will be taken in the wake of talking about the issue with the individuals who have wide experience in regards to this, for instance, the individuals who have wide information on cordiality. Further, different bookkeeping are required to be set up before taking a ultimate choice. Fundamental records Fundamental records required to keep up are the documents required for settling charges and the subtleties of budgetary working of the business. Different records required to be kept up are organization name, working dates on eatery, solicitations, net and gross sum paid and any findings from net sum. Significance of spending plan Spending helps with examining whether the organization will pick up advantage later on or not. It perceives the business part that can be improved and uncovers the measure of cash that is anticipated to exit and enter in the business. It likewise helps in the accompanying viewpoints Arranging financial plans give the rules and guide to the administration and proprietors at arranging the item costs based on anticipated assembling cost. Further, it helps in monitoring assets. Controlling it helps in controlling the costs of the organization. It set the budgetary destinations towards which the organization can work. This thus, will help the supervisors to have control on the money use and costs. Impact of dates on deals spending arrangement The monetary year dates for the most part affect the huge organizations and little organizations as the yearly occasion may produce huge measure of income or costs. For the most part the significant occasions happen for 1 to 2 months before the finish of the money related year. In this manner, the business gets adequate occasions for taking care of all the exceptional obligations or gathers all the due installments from the clients. Choices with respect to privately-owned company Mechanical suggestions Different mechanical apparatuses that can be utilized where precise monetary data and buy financial plans are not accessible are exceed expectations, useful assets for access with legitimate controls on information. Further, the work process devices and information the board apparatuses can help in improving the consistency and can feature the center regions with the end goal of extra consideration. Suggested programming As the business is little, they can utilize the Microcrosoft Excel for keeping up all the money related information (Anderson, Sweeney and Williams 2014). Programming they can additionally utilize is FactuSo that will help in covering all the business records like merchandise receipts, solicitations, settlement, client request, client financial plans and conveyance notes. Points of interest of utilizing programming Utilizing the product has different points of interest like exactness and speed of activity and further the continuous monetary status of the organization can be dissected through automated bookkeeping framework (Schorr et al. 2013). Another bit of leeway is that the information needs to entered once just and afterward through pitting up the equation all the count are created naturally. It further limits the manual blunder. The information are stayed up with the latest form and the calculation are precise as the human blunders are dodged. Deals spending examination Difference investigation Money related Year Planned Real Difference Reason 2007/08 $ 350,000.00 $ 290,000.00 Troublesome Difference is horrible as the real deal is lower by $ 60,000 when contrasted with the financial plan 2008/09 $ 400,000.00 $ 250,000.00 Troublesome Difference is horrible as the real deal is lower by $ 150,000 when contrasted with the financial plan Occasions to legitimize the situations Deals of the organization were low when contrasted with desire as it tends to be seen that the genuine incomes were low when contrasted with the planned deals Too elevated requirements. As it tends to be seen that the planned deals for second year were more than the first year while the real deals were lower in second year when contrasted with first. Along these lines, it tends to be said that the assumption about deals were high Providers may have expanded the costs of crude materials which thusly lead ABC Pizza Plaza the horrible difference. Adam Smith case Prerequisites not met by Adam Money book Through the money book Adam could keep up the records identified with casgh receipts and money installments Deals records through this Adam could keep up the receipt books, receipt books, documentation of Mastercard and sales register details (Schiff and Szendi 2014) Ledger it helps in keeping up the store books, check books and the bank explanations Buy records it helps in keeping up the negligible money framework, solicitations, articulation for Visa and buy related archives. Proposed methods The bistro proprietor can use for improving the precision of the planning as to the drink stock buy is the basic method. At first, he should set up the information in regards to refreshments and beverages that he should buy on ordinary premise. Further, through the database he will have the option to know the load of the beverages and refreshment and can design as needs be when to buy new stock. Be that as it may, he should abstain from utilizing manual framework and keep up the information through electronic framework. Reference Anderson, D., Sweeney, D. also, Williams, T., 2014.Modern business insights with Microsoft Excel. Nelson Education. Bhandari, S.B. also, Iyer, R., 2013. Foreseeing business disappointment utilizing income explanation based measures.Managerial Finance,39(7), p

Financial Evaluation of Woolworths Supermarkets- Free-Samples

Ancient Egyptian Mathematics Essay Example For Students

Old Egyptian Mathematics Essay Old EgyptianMathematicsThe utilization of sorted out arithmetic in Egypthas been gone back to the third thousand years BC. Egyptian mathematicswas overwhelmed by number juggling, with an accentuation on estimation and calculationin geometry. With their huge information on geometry, they were ableto effectively compute the regions of triangles, square shapes, and trapezoidsand the volumes of figures, for example, blocks, chambers, and pyramids. They were likewise ready to assemble the Great Pyramid with extraordinary precision. Early assessors found that the greatest mistake in fixing the length of thesides was just 0.63 of an inch, or under 1/14000 of the complete length. They likewise found that the mistake of the edges at the corners to be only12, or around 1/27000 of a correct point (Smith 43). Three theoriesfrom arithmetic were found to have been utilized in building the Great Pyramid. The principal hypothesis expresses that four symmetrical triangles were set togetherto manufacture the pyramidal surface. The subsequent hypothesis expresses that theratio of one of the sides to half of the tallness is the estimated valueof P, or that the proportion of the border to the stature is 2P. Ithas been found that early pyramid developers may have imagined theidea that P approached about 3.14. The third hypothesis states thatthe edge of rise of the entry prompting the head chamberdetermines the scope of the pyramid, about 30o N, or that the passageitself focuses to what was then known as the post star (Smith 44). Antiquated Egyptian science was basedon two rudimentary ideas. The main idea was that the Egyptianshad an exhaustive information on the twice-times table. The second conceptwas that they had the capacity to discover 66% of any number (Gillings3). This number could be either vital or fragmentary. The Egyptiansused the division 2/3 utilized with wholes of unit parts (1/n) to expressall different portions. Utilizing this framework, they had the option to explain allproblems of number juggling that included divisions, just as some elementaryproblems in variable based math (Berggren). The study of arithmetic was furtheradvanced in Egypt in the fourth thousand years BC than it was anyplace elsein the world right now. The Egyptian schedule was presented about4241 BC. Their year comprised of a year of 30 days each with 5festival days toward the year's end. These celebration days were dedicatedto the divine beings Osiris, Horus, Seth, Isis, and Nephthys (Gillings 235). Osiris was the lord of nature and vegetation and was instrumental in civilizingthe world. Isis was Osiriss spouse and their child was Horus. Seth was Osiriss fiendish sibling and Nephthys was Seths sister (Weigel 19). The Egyptians separated their year into 3 seasons that were 4 months each. These seasons included immersion, approaching, and summer. Inundationwas the planting time frame, approaching was the developing time frame, and summerwas the gather time frame. They likewise decided a year to be 365 daysso they were exceptionally near the real year of 365 ? days (Gillings235). When examining the historical backdrop of polynomial math, youfind that it began back in Egypt and Babylon. The Egyptians knewhow to unravel straight (ax=b) and quadratic (ax2+bx=c) conditions, as wellas uncertain conditions, for example, x2+y2=z2 where a few questions areinvolved (Dauben). The soonest Egyptian writings were writtenaround 1800 BC. They comprised of a decimal numeration framework withseparate images for the progressive forces of 10 (1, 10, 100, thus forth),just like the Romans (Berggren). These images were known as hieroglyphics. .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .postImageUrl , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:hover , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:visited , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:active { border:0!important; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:active , .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u94c5 b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u94c5b61f5f2cbe1559af25bb26072815:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Vegetarianism EssayNumbers were spoken to by recording the image for 1, 10, 100, andso on the same number of times as the unit was in the given number. For example,the number 365 would be spoken to by the image for 1 composed five times,the image for 10 composed multiple times, and the image for 100 composed threetimes. Option was finished by totaling independently the units-1s, 10s,100s, etc in the numbers to be included. Augmentation wasbased on progressive doublings, and division depended on the opposite ofthis process (Berggren). The first of the most established expand manuscripton arithmetic was written in Egypt around 1825 BC. It was calledthe Ahmes treatise. The Ahmes original copy was not composed to be atextbook, yet for use as a functional handbook. It contained materialon direct conditions of such sorts as x+1/7x=19 and managed broadly onunit portions. It additionally had a lot of work on mensuration,the act, procedure, or specialty of estimating, and remembers issues for elementaryseries (Smith 45-48). The Egyptians found several rulesfor the assurance of regions and volumes, yet they never indicated how theyestablished these principles or recipes. They likewise never indicated how theyarrived at their techniques in managing explicit estimations of the variable,but they almost consistently demonstrated that the numerical answer for the problemat hand was to be sure right for the specific worth or qualities they hadchosen. This established both technique and evidence. The Egyptiansnever expressed recipes, however utilized guides to clarify what they were talkingabout. On the off chance that they discovered some definite technique on the best way to accomplish something, theynever inquired as to why it worked. They never looked to set up its universaltruth by a contention that would show plainly and sensibly their thoughtprocesses. Rather, what they did was clarify and characterize in an orderedsequence the means important to do it once more, and at the determination theyadded a conf irmation or verification that the means laid out led to a correctsolution of the issue (Gillings 232-234). Possibly this is the reason theEgyptians had the option to find such huge numbers of scientific equations. They never contended why something worked, they just trusted it did. BIBLIOGRAPHYBerggren, J. Lennart. Mathematics.Computer Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Cd ROM. Dauben, Joseph Warren and Berggren,J. Lennart. Polynomial math. PC Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Cd ROM. Gillings, Richard J. Mathematicsin the Time of the Pharaohs. New York: Dover Publications,Inc., 1972. Smith, D. E. History of Mathematics. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1951. Weigel Jr., James. Precipice Noteson Mythology. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliffs Notes, Inc., 1991.

Risks and Returns of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

Dangers and Returns of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) Appraisal OF RISKS AND RETURNS OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS (IPOs) ISSUED IN HONG KONG VERSUS CHINA Section 1 ABSTRACT This paper was intended to concentrate on an evaluation of the dangers and returns of the underlying open contributions (IPOs) gave in Hong Kong versus China. Lately, Chinas securities exchange has encountered extraordinary development with a record of US$62 billion brought up in 140 IPOs in 2006, more than that brought up in the United States of US$48 billion.1 The development of Chinas economy keeps on energizing the desires that this pattern of solid IPO development would proceed and that Chinese firms would progressively seek after postings in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades to tap universal speculators for their raising money prerequisites. An ongoing case of a Chinese firm doing an IPO was China Railways Construction which gave US$3.1 billion out of an IPO in February 2008.2 The key method of reasoning in seeking after this examination was that it would give a comprehension of the key contrasts between postings in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades, especially according to dangers and execution (for example returns). In view of the factual examination of the current data, there was no stamped contrast found in the exhibition of the IPOs of the terrain Chinese firms in the Hong Kong Exchange versus the presentation of the general trade (spoke to by the Hang Seng file). The information accessibility constrained the measurable examination essentially to the IPO data from the Hong Kong Exchange. The evaluation of the dangers and execution of the IPOs in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades prompted the accompanying ends: (1) Hong Kong is supported abroad trade for double posting of terrain Chinese firms, (2) there is solid vulnerability in posting in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and (3) enthusiasm for China is solid and speculators can be tapped through an abroad posting. For the terrain Chinese firms that will be giving their IPOs, coming up next are the suggestions coming about because of the paper: seek after a double posting, list in the Hong Kong Exchange for the abroad trade posting, and deal with the planning of the IPO. At last, for additional exploration work, coming up next are the prescribed advances that can be taken to build up the issues in more prominent detail and address other related concerns: seek after correlation of long haul execution of IPOs, look at the alternatives accessible for terrain Chinese firms as far as their IPOs, and survey IPO execution across different elements, (for example, size of firms, part of firms, and degree of neighborhood versus worldwide breakdown of the business). Section 2 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The paper had two key research addresses which were tended to during the exploration. These exploration addresses guided the examination structure and strategy of the exposition. The two research questions were: 1. How have the organizations posting in Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades performed since their IPOs, and what dangers did these organizations face in their postings? 2. How have the IPOs in Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades performed contrasted with one another and furthermore corresponding to territorial and worldwide contenders? The remainder of this area talks about these exploration inquiries in more noteworthy detail. 2.1 PERFORMANCE SINCE IPO OF CHINESE AND HONG KONG LISTINGS AND RISKS FACED BY FIRMS The exposition looked to decide the presentation since IPO of Chinese and Hong Kong stock trade postings, and the dangers looked by the organizations posting in these trades. The examination points and goals for this piece of the thesis concentrated on the accompanying: Â · Assess the exhibition of the postings in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades. This evaluation concentrated on how postings have acted in the stock trades of Hong Kong and China. This gave a sign of the exhibition of the stocks which were recorded through an IPO, and gave a chance to dissect the distinctions, as far as execution, in posting between the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades. Â · Determine the dangers looked by firms seeking after an IPO through the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades. Another target sought after in this thesis was deciding and understanding the dangers that IPOs of firms posting in China and Hong Kong confronted. As alternatives have extended as far as the area where firms can list in, firms think about different factors in choosing the best stock trade for the posting of their IPO to be finished. The various choices additionally should be surveyed as far as the dangers that the organizations are presented to by posting in these trades. Comprehend different components that have influenced execution and dangers of firms. The ongoing improvements in the budgetary markets welcomed on as an effect by the US subprime markets have likewise influenced the presentation of late postings not just in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades yet in addition in other stock trades too. These components and the effect these elements have had on the presentation of late IPOs in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades were additionally recognized and introduced in this paper. Â · Analyze issues utilizing quantitative and subjective investigation. In seeking after the evaluation of the focuses over, this thesis sought after both a quantitative and a subjective way to deal with guarantee that the exploration techniques gave a reciprocal methodology. This was additionally intended to guarantee that the contributions to the investigation had a vigorous premise with the evaluation of execution and dangers based off real quantitative outcomes upheld by contribution from industry experts and their perceptions. 2.2 ASSESSMENT OF IPO PERFORMANCE BETWEEN CHINA AND HONG KONG STOCK EXCHANGES AND VERSUS OTHER STOCK EXCHANGES The appraisal of the exhibition of the IPOs was inspected by looking at the presentation of the IPOs of the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades. What's more, these were additionally looked at versus the presentation of IPOs in chose local and furthermore worldwide stock trades to give a sign of the general execution of the IPOs in these various trades. The examination points and goals of this piece of the exposition were the accompanying: Â · Assess equitably the presentation of the IPOs in the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades versus chose territorial and worldwide stock trades. This appraisal was led utilizing the exhibition information of chose firms in these trades to give a sign of their relative exhibitions. Along these lines, the paper looked to develop the underlying issue raised on the exhibition and dangers of IPOs among Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades. This gave an additional perspective into how extraordinary the exhibitions of the IPOs have been in these trades. Â · Understand factors and issues influencing the general exhibitions of the IPOs. With the distinctions in the exhibitions of IPOs recognized in the past point, the thesis tried to investigate the components influencing these distinctions. This appraisal was significant as it gave the chance to seek after further research of the issues, bringing about expanded comprehension of components influencing the presentation of the IPOs in these stock trades. These two focuses above were the key research destinations in evaluating the exhibition of the IPOs of the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades versus the IPOs of other chose provincial and worldwide stock trades. Section 3 RESEARCH RATIONALE There were a few key reasons recognized with regards to the justification behind seeking after this thesis. This area talks about the exploration method of reasoning first from a scholarly research perspective and afterward, second, from an individual perspective of the analyst as far as the advantages accomplished in finishing the paper. From a scholarly research perspective, coming up next were the key reasons distinguished: Â · Drive choice for area of IPO for firms posting in stock trades: The aftereffects of the examination could be used in shaping a choice with regards to the area of an organizations IPO. With more prominent straightforwardness of the presentation and dangers in posting in China as opposed to posting in Hong Kong, firms currently have further factors to remember for building a choice for the area of an organizations IPO. This point is especially important for territory China firms which are hoping to tap worldwide abroad financial specialists for their IPO and are thinking about different alternatives for their activity. Â · Provide elective choices and perspectives for firms thinking about their IPOs: The consequences of the paper additionally give firms seeking after an IPO in China or Hong Kong further reason for conceivably considering different alternatives outside of China or Hong Kong, given the focuses brought up in the discoveries and examination area. For instance, firms currently are not constrained uniquely to the reasoning seeking after the financing of Chinese firms is best accomplished by tapping both the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades for a double posting as this gives Chinese firms best access to the subsidizing capacity of global speculators. Â · Push stock trades to oversee all the more successfully the showcasing of their items and administrations: The thesis likewise benefits the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades as this paper gives the stock trades the premise and the chance to return to their item and administration contributions, and guarantee that their promoting appropriately addresses the necessities of Chinese firms in capital markets financing. The survey of the Chinese and Hong Kong stock trades versus its territorial and worldwide companions likewise give the stock trades a target appraisal of execution levels comparative with one another. On an individual level, the exposition likewise profited the examination impressively, and furthermore loans further premise to giving a solid method of reasoning to finishing the paper. The key individual explanations behind the specialist in seeking after this exposition, beside finishing school

Free College Admissions Essays: Im Ready to Take English to the Next L

I'm Ready to Take English to the Next Level  It is with extraordinary fervor that I present my application to your college's English division for the Bachelor's certificate program. Following is a brief self-portrayal, submitted in satisfaction of part of the college's application prerequisites.  I started to examine English more than ten years back, and quickly built up a solid enthusiasm towards the language. Before long, I was acquainted with an American-based organization, the Light House Bookstore, which furnishes our locale with both English instructional books, and language exercises. During one of my continuous visits to this book shop, I found that a little church involved the second floor of the structure, the Lotung Church of Christ. After numerous visits, and my possible transformation to the Christian confidence, I accepted each open door to go to chapel occasions and get-togethers to talk with other American individuals, and immediately turned out to be old buddies with a considerable lot of them.  I never lost my enthusiasm for the Light House Bookstore be that as it may. After numerous mo...

How to Write an Introduction Essay

How to Write an Introduction EssayAn introduction essay is a great place to get the ball rolling on a project. It can be an overview of what you want to say in your essay. It can also be a chance to clarify and expand upon any important points you wish to make.First, write down the introduction and then use the essay sample to find a set of 200 words or more to represent this introduction. Using this small paragraph, make sure to do the following:- Introduce yourself, if you want to. Make sure to include your name, hometown, school, hobbies, and hobbies. Think about how you might say it so that you will sound natural and conversational.- Make a point. If you wish to make a point, find a part of your topic or a new idea to add to it and then tell your readers what you want to say about it. Perhaps, you want to show them how to make the most of an opportunity.- Here is a good idea: use the introduction as a starting point for the rest of the essay. There are many different places where you can begin the essay with an introduction. For example, you could begin it with a short paragraph outlining your purpose for writing.Use the essay sample to help you remember what your major points are so that you don't forget anything when you are writing your own introduction. Keep in mind that you can use your essay sample to show how you would have stated the same point in your own words and not just as a template for your work.Your essay must express something about your viewpoint about the person's life. It should touch on the person's upbringing, their successes and failures, their qualities and weaknesses, and what you think makes them tick.Give your audience something to relate to and it is better that you write something that is intended for your own purposes. For example, if you are writing for another person, you can take some of your points and throw in some personal observations and connections. There is no better way to express your point than to draw from your ow n experiences.

Gattaca movie - 550 Words

Gattaca movie (Movie Review Sample) Content: Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Gattaca the Movie Q1. The movie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Gattaca' is fiction drama set in the future where genetic engineering rather the schooling skills determines an individual's life and success. The plot of the movie also explores the capability of the wealthy population to determine the genetic makeup and character of their descendants at present. The principal aim of this genetical modification of the human character is to design people in the future to fit perfectly into whatever role decided for them before conceiving (Kirby, 2000, p.193). The protagonist in the movie Vincent is the last of the natural babies conceived into a sterile and genetically-influenced world. A period characterized by low life expectancy and high chances of disease contraction among infants. The author fashion citizens in this neighborhood of the future-world as faultless specimens with specially engineered characters, while those naturally-born minorities consider themselves as inferior to the future perfect specimens (Valids) who are supreme. The society does not find Vincent Freeman as their own since they assess him as lesser fit, given that his genetic make-up made him one of the underclass human beings specifically right for unskilled jobs. Meanwhile, Vincent presumes the individuality of Jerome Morrow a perfect specimen of the genetic engineering prospect, crippled in an accident. As a result, Vincent attains importance in the Gattaca Corporation, chosen by the corporation for his life-long desire. The corporation objectively organized a manned mission to Saturn with the masterpiece. He persistently, carried out gene examinations precisely using specimens from Jerome's hair, blood sample, skin as well as urine. However, going underground with his now-perfect world is put into a flood of increasing desperation of uncertainty, his vision thrown within touch when the assassination of the mission director befalls him. Besides, he casually loses Jerome's eyelash at the sight knowing that even the slightest evidence of hair or eyelash would create suspicion. The police begin investigations to track down the murderer of Vincent' counterpart and arresting of Vincent too. Q2. Pianist was a character in the film that possessed both the attributes of valid and in-valid. Consequently, he is a valid since a large population of the people frequently went to listen and get involved in his playing. The pianist plays music specially composed to suit his additional digits. Besides, the author deliberates Pianist as an in-valid because he had additional fingers playing the part of an entertainer. Moreover, the movie markets him with his hands protecting his face a symbol of shame. Subsequently, to consider Pianist a genetically engineered man is overlooking the ability of genetically mo...

History of the Inca Empire

The Inca Empire was the largest prehispanic society of South America when it was discovered by the Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century AD. At its height, the Inca empire controlled all of the western part of the South American continent between Ecuador and Chile. The Inca capital was at Cusco, Peru, and the Inca legends claimed they were descended from the great Tiwanaku civilization at Lake Titicaca. Origins Archaeologist Gordon McEwan has built an extensive study of archaeological, ethnographic, and historical sources of information on the Inca origins. Based on that, he believes that the Inca arose from the remnants of the Wari Empire based at the site of Chokepukio, a regional center built about AD 1000. An influx of refugees from Tiwanaku arrived there from the Lake Titicaca region about AD 1100. McEwan argues that Chokepukio may be the town of Tambo Tocco, reported in Inca legends as the originating town of the Inca and that Cusco was founded from that city. See his 2006 book, The Incas: New Perspectives for more detail on this interesting study. In a 2008 article, Alan Covey argued that although the Inca arose from the Wari and Tiwanaku state roots, they succeeded as an empire—compared to the contemporary Chimà º State,  because the Inca adapted to regional environments and with local ideologies. The Inca began their expansion from Cusco about 1250 AD or so, and before the conquest in 1532 they controlled a linear stretch of some 4,000 kilometers, including nearly one million square kilometers in area and over 100 different societies in coastal regions, pampas, mountains, and forests. Estimates for the total population under Incan control range between six and nine million persons. Their empire included land in what are the modern countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Architecture and Economics To control such a huge area, the Incas built roads, including both mountainous and coastal routes. One existing fragment of the road between Cusco and the palace of Machu Picchu is called the Inca Trail. The amount of control exercised by Cusco over the rest of the empire varied from place to place, as might be expected for such a huge empire. Tribute paid to the Inca rulers came from farmers of cotton, potatoes, and maize, herders of alpacas and llamas, and craft specialists who made polychrome pottery, brewed beer from maize (called chicha), wove fine wool tapestries  and made wooden, stone, and gold, silver and copper objects. The Inca were organized along a complex hierarchical and hereditary lineage system called the ayllu system. Ayllus ranged in size from a few hundred to tens of thousands of people, and they governed access to such things as land, political roles, marriage, and ritual ceremonies. Among other important duties, ayllus took maintenance and ceremonial roles involving the preservation and care of honored mummies of the ancestors of their communities. The only written records about the Inca that we can read today are documents from the Spanish conquistadors of Francisco Pizarro. Records were kept by the Inca in the form of knotted strings called quipu (also spelled khipu or quipo). The Spanish reported that historical records—particularly the deeds of the rulers—were sung, chanted, and painted on wooden tablets as well. Timeline and Kinglist The Inca word for ruler was capac, or capa, and the next ruler was chosen both by heredity and by marriage lines. All of the capacs were said to be descended from the legendary Ayar siblings (four boys and four girls) who emerged from the cave of Pacaritambo. The first Inca capac,  the Ayar sibling Manco Capac, married one of his sisters and founded  Cusco. The ruler at the height of the empire was Inca Yupanqui, who renamed himself Pachacuti (Cataclysm) and ruled between AD 1438-1471. Most scholarly reports list the date of the Inca empire as beginning with Pachacutis rule. High-status women were called coya and how well you could succeed in life depended to a degree on the genealogical claims of both your mother and father. In some cases, this led to sibling marriage, because the strongest connection you could have would be if you were the child of two descendants of Manco Capac. The dynastic king list which follows was reported by the Spanish chroniclers such as  Bernabà © Cobo  from oral history reports and, to a degree, it is somewhat under debate. Some scholars believe that there was actually a dual kingship, each king ruling half of Cusco; this is a minority viewpoint. Calendrical dates for the reigns of the various kings were established by Spanish chroniclers based on oral histories, but they are clearly miscalculated and so are not included here (some reigns supposedly lasted over 100 years). Dates included below are those for  capacs  that were personally remembered by the Inca informants to the Spanish. Kings Manco Capac (principal wife his sister Mama Occlo) ca. AD 1200 (founded  Cusco)Sinchà ­ Roca (principal wife Manco Sapaca)Lloque Ypanqui (p.w. Mama Cora)Mayta Capac (p.w. Mama Tacucaray)Capac YupanquiInca RocaYahuar HuacacViracocha Inca (p.w. Mama Rondocaya)Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (p.w. Mama Anahuarqui, built the  Coricancha  and  Machu Picchu, reformed Inca society) [ruled AD 1438-1471], royal estates at Pisac,  Ollantaytambo  and Machu PicchuTopa Inca (or Tupac Inca or Topa Inca Yupanqui) (principal wife his sister Mama Occlo, first capac considered supernatural in his lifetime) [AD 1471-1493], royal estates at Chinchero and  ChoquequiraoHuayna Capac [AD 1493-1527], royal estates at Quespiwanka and Tombebamba[civil war between Huascar and Atahuallpa 1527]Huascar [AD 1527-1532]Atahuallpa [AD 1532](Inca conquered by Pizarro in 1532)Manco Inca [AD 1533]Paullu Inca Classes of Incan Society The kings of the Inca society were called  capac. Capacs could have multiple wives, and often did. Inca nobility (called  Inka) were mostly hereditary positions, although special persons could be assigned this designation.  Curacas  were administrative functionaries and bureaucrats. Caciques  were agricultural community leaders, responsible for maintenance of agricultural fields and tribute payment. Most of the society was organized into  ayllus, who were taxed and received domestic goods according to the size of their groups. Chasqui  were message runners who were essential to the Inca system of government. Chasqui traveled along the  Inca road system  stopping at outposts or  tambos  and  were said to be able to send a message 250 kilometers in one day  and to make the distance from Cusco to Quito (1500 km) within one week. After death, the  capac,  and his wives (and many of the highest officials) were mummified and kept by his descendants. Important Facts Alternate names:  Inca, Inka, Tahuantinsuyu or Tawantinsuyu (the four parts together in Quechua)Population:  Estimates widely accepted by Inca scholars range between six and 14 million within an area extending from Colombia to Chile, in 1532 when the Spanish arrived.State language:  Inca rulers adopted a form of Quechua for their administrative language  and doing so spread it into outlying areas of their empire, but the Inca incorporated many different cultures and their languages. The Inca called their form of Quechua runasimi or mans speech.Writing system:  The Inca apparently kept accounts and perhaps historical information using a  quipu, a system of knotted and dyed string; according to the Spanish, the Inca also chanted and sang historical legends and painted wooden tablets.Ethnographic sources:  Lots of ethnographic sources are available about the Inca, primarily Spanish military leaders and priests who were interested in conquering the Inca. These texts are var iously useful and often quite biased. Some few examples include  Bernabà © Cobo, Historia del Nuevo Mundo 1653, and Relacion de las huacas, among many other reports;  Garcilaso de la Vega, 1609; Diez Gonzalez Holguin, 1608; anonymous Arte y vocabulario en la lengua general del Peru, 1586; Santo Tomas, 1560; Juan Perez Bocanegra, 1631; Pablo Joseph de Arriaga, 1621; Cristobal de Albornoz, 1582 Economics Intoxicants:  Coca, chicha (maize  beer)Markets:  A widespread trade network facilitated by open marketsCultivated crops:  Cotton, potatoes,  maize, quinoaDomesticated animals:  Alpaca,  llama,  guinea pigTribute  was paid to Cusco in goods and services; tribute tallies were kept on quipu and an annual census was kept including the number of deaths and birthsLapidary arts:  ShellMetallurgy:  Silver, copper, tin and to a lesser extent gold were cold-hammered, forged, and air-annealedTextiles:  Wool (alpaca and  llama) and cottonAgriculture:  When necessary in the steep Andean terrain, the Inca built terraces with a gravel base and stepped retaining walls, to drain excess water and allow water flow from the terrace tread to the next terrace downslope. Architecture Construction techniques used by the Inca included fired adobe mud bricks, roughly shaped stones interspersed with mud mortar, and large, finely shaped stones coated with mud and clay finishing. The shaped stone architecture (sometimes called pillow-faced) is among the finest in the world, with large stones sanded into tight jigsaw like patterns. The pillow-faced architecture was reserved for temples, administrative structures and royal residences like Machu Picchu.Many Inca military installations and other public architecture were constructed throughout the empire, at sites such as Farfà ¡n (Peru), Qara Qara and Yampara (Bolivia), and Catarpe and Turi (Chile).The Inca Road  (Capaq Ñan or Gran Ruta Inca) was built connecting the empire  and included some 8500 kilometers of major thoroughfare crossing fifteen distinct ecosystems. 30,000 kilometers of subsidiary trails branch off the main road, including the Inca Trail, which is the part that leads from Cusco to Machu Picchu. Religion Ceque system: a system of shrines and ritual pathways radiating out from the capital city of Cusco. Emphasis on ancestor worship and fictive kinship structures (ayllus).Capacocha ceremony: a state event that involved the sacrifice of objects, animals and sometimes children.Burials:  The Inca dead were mummified and placed in open sepulchers so that they could be disinterred for important annual ceremonies and other rituals.Temples/shrines  known as huacas included both built and natural structures Sources: Adelaar, W. F. H.2006  Quechua. In  Encyclopedia of Language Linguistics. Pp. 314-315. London: Elsevier Press.Covey, R. A. 2008  Multiregional Perspectives on the Archaeology of the Andes During the Late Intermediate Period (c. A.D. 1000–1400).  Journal of Archaeological Research  16:287–338.Kuznar, Lawrence A. 1999 The Inca Empire: Detailing the complexities of core/periphery interactions. Pp. 224-240 in  World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, production, and exchange, edited by P. Nick Kardulias. Rowan and Littlefield: Landham.McEwan, Gordon. 2006  The Incas: New Perspectives.  Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Online book. Accessed May 3, 2008.

Using Teachings of Augustine to Examine Life Essay

We who carry our mortality about with us, carry the evidence of our sin and with it the proof that you thwart the proud. (Augustine 39) This quote from the first book of Saint Augustines The Confessions is a reflection of how Augustine brought Pagan meaning to interpret Christianity as a part of his life. In fact, it has direct correlation to the Holy Bible in the first letter of Peter: God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble. (Peter 5:5) The parallel that lies between these two quotes is a manifestation of the parallel that lies between Augustine and Pauls theology. It is clear from readings that Augustine found Pauls theology to be a practical tool while examining his own life. Just as Augustine has utilized the†¦show more content†¦I had no regard for the person who would appease my desires; I only cared for myself. This condition of human-selfishness requires change in order for humans to turn out unselfish. 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Compare and Contrast Brutus and Macbeth - 1485 Words

Brutus vs. Macbeth through Power, Ambition, and Honor â€Å"Absolute power corrupts absolutely,† unless one knows how to use it, it shall not corrupt. Everyone has ambitions, a strong desire of achieving great things, and some will do whatever it takes to achieve their goal. Honor is a title one receives through their noble acts; but some honorable and strongly ambitious people may go as far as to give up their noble title to accomplish their purpose. William Shakespeare is a well-known English poet and playwright, a big participant in creating the English language. Among his twelve tragedies, two has very similar plot and tragic heroes. The play Julius Caesar is about a noble, honorable, and trusted man named Brutus, who killed his friend and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It must be by his death; and for my part,/ I know no personal cause to spurn at him,/ but for the general.† (Julius Caesar, II.i.10-12). Brutus has no other reason to kill Caesar than for the gr eater good of Rome, whereas Macbeth killed more than three people for his own benefit. Macbeth first kills Duncan to become king; then Banquo and his son to make sure that they shall not be kings, but unfortunately for him, Fleance escaped; and finally Macduff’s family, though he was mainly aiming for Macduff himself. The heroes’ ambitious deed also led them to lose everything. Aforementioned, Brutus only killed Caesar for the good of Rome. However, in allowing Mark Anthony to speak at Caesar’s funeral, Brutus made himself and the conspirators the most hated people in Rome. To have the citizens despise him was not what Brutus had planned, therefore he has lost half of what he had—admiration from the people, the meaning of his life. To make matters worse, Portia, Brutus’s noble wife, killed herself by swallowing coal. It is not known if Brutus had other family members, therefore it can safely be concluded that he had lost everything, his fame and wi fe. Macbeth falls in a similar matter, first losing his friend and relative Duncan; then his comrade in the field, Banquo; his wife; and most importantly himself. For killing countless people, Macbeth’s guilt slowly builds in him, and at his end, was exposed in theShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Between Shakesperean Tragic Heroes1386 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Shakespeare Tragic Heroes: Macbeth and Brutus Kyla Yu English 11 August 4th, 2008 William Shakespeare is a world renowned English poet and playwright famous for many tragic plays such as Macbeth and Julius Caesar. These two plays both contain tragic heroes with Marcus Brutus from Julius Caesar, and Macbeth from Macbeth. A tragic hero is defined as a protagonist of high standing with heroic or potential heroic abilities who must oppose some external or internalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare and Macbeth8813 Words   |  36 Pageshero was to be pitied in his fallen plight but not necessarily forgiven: Greek tragedy frequently has a bleak outcome. Christian drama, on the other hand, always offers a ray of hope; hence,  Macbeth  ends with the coronation of  Malcolm, a new leader who exhibits all the correct virtues for a king. Macbeth  exhibits elements that reflect the greatest Christian tragedy of all: the Fall of Man. In the Genesis story, it is the weakness of Adam, persuaded by his wife (who has in turn been seduced byRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesYou may choose a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable quality. Avoid mere plot summary. An American Tragedy Light in August Anna Karenina Long Day’s Journey into the Night Antigone Lord Jim Beloved Macbeth Crime and Punishment Medea Death of a Salesman Moby-Dick Ethan Frome Oedipus Rex Faust Phedre Fences Ragtime For Whom the Bell Tolls Sent for You Yesterday Frankenstein Tess of the D’Urbervilles Hedda Gabler Read MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesthe dominant mood or emotional tone of a work of art, as of a play or novel: the chilly atmosphere of a ghost story. 13. antithesis- opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. *Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. Barry Goldwater *Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 14. Anecdote A very short tale told by a character in a

Financial Management Syndicated Metals Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Financial Management for Syndicated Metals Ltd. Answer: Introduction The chosen company- Syndicated Metals Limited, is a public limited company listed on the Australian stock Exchange. The company is engaged in exploration, discovery, and acquisition of copper and gold and listed in 2007. The company did business and expansion in all possible ways. It entered into partnerships with already existing companies and benefitted the synergy. The company has a CEO. Ideally, in companies with CFOs, they report to the CEOs, but there can be only one person acting as both CFO and CEO. Large business operates with the help of CFOs. They look after the financial strategy and business health, and they carefully tame the department of finance. CFOs are very progressive with their thoughts and they help businesses to progress through all the obstacles and difficulties. As they contain a strong knowledge of finance, they enables the senior management to have a strong grasp of the real-time decisions. This ensure that the business do not suffer in the long run. Relevant duties responsibilities of CFO The duties contain financial planning, reporting and evaluation, strategy that is based for the long term perspective and short-term, investments, hedging, mergers and acquisitions, cash management, auditing and accounting. Their functions are crucial to not only success of the finances of the company but their decisions can influence the very existence and survival of the company as well (Brigham Daves, 2012). Syndicate Metals Limited does not employ a CFO. The managing director takes up all the responsibilities of that of a CFO as well as a CEO. Mr. Andrew Monckton is the Managing Director of the company. He takes up all the managerial as well as steward roles for the company. Apart from him, the board also consists of Peter Langworthy as the Non-executive Chairman of the company, David Morgan and Robert Cooper as the Non-executive directors of the company (Syndicated Metal Ltd, 2015). The major functions of a CFO include: Managing Controls functions The role of a CFO is difficult to express. The duties are subjective. He is responsible for the preparation and projection of the financial statements of a company. The main duty of the CFO is to present and report the financial information. The financial statements are of great help as it enables the company to provide relevant and useful information to the stakeholders. It is hence, imperative that accurate information is provided by the CFO because a vast planning rests on it. There are a lot of people involved, and a lot of information is required to be reported and used. It is hence important that these information are handled properly and reported without any biased. The Managing Director of Syndicate Metal Limited is also required to prepare, present and furnish, all relevant financial information of the company, which is to his knowledge true and valid. The company is a listed company. It has to report its finances to the Australian stock exchange quarterly. In addition, these interim quarterly reports are a base for determining its share prices on the Australian stock exchange (Syndicated Metal Ltd, 2015). It is very important that the numbers be furnished with integrity and care because it shall affect the fundamentals of the company in a huge way. A treasurer to the company The CFO is a treasurer to the company. He manages the money of the company. His decisions on investments and managing finances depend on what and how the expansion done. He is the trustee to the company funds. His financial vision is incorporate as the financing and investing activities of the business. More than a short term, his plans directed to benefit the company in the long-term. He thinks at a macro level and plans made with a broader perspective. The CFO decides the manner in which the funds of the company are invested considering the exposure to risk and generating returns. Moreover, the CFO of the capital structure of the company is evaluated by the CFO, determining an optimum combination of debt, equity and internal financing. The CFO is supposed to take decisions on utilisation of company funds where to invest, when to invest, how much to invest and ways of investments are his four most crucial questions that come on his way. The managing director of Syndicate Metals Limi ted is required to perform the above-mentioned duties about the companys finances. The company is engaged in mining copper and gold. Acquisition and exploration of such expensive metals is more serious business than it sounds. The company engages itself in a lot of mergers and acquisitions, partnerships and joint ventures, and other forms of synergies. Selection of business collaborates and associates the profit and cost sharing ratios and the amount of money to be involved all fall under the decision-making portfolio of the managing director Andrew Munckton. These decisions are crucial because once a project is undertaken al costs incurred in anticipation of profit. One wrong decision can hurt the fundamentals of the company largely. The managing director leads the path to the companys success. All financials of the company need reporting to the Australian Stock Exchange. Their public documents are review strictly and serve purpose to numerous stakeholders. Hence, all the decision s before being executed needs through attention, a lot of pondering and technical weighing. Economic Strategies and Forecasting The role of a CFO is not limited to the past and present financial condition of the company, the fiscal future even depends on him. He must be well aware of all the risks associated. He must be able to identify and report the areas of efficiency and deficiency of a company. He needs to be versed acutely with the ways in which the company can capitalise on its efficiencies and discount on its deficiencies. This aspect of a CFOs duties contains economic forecasting and financial modelling. The CFO must be capable of predicting based on multiple, probable economic scenarios and select the best course of action in order to grant the company financial success with sustainable growth. The managing director of Syndicate Metals Limited should hence be a visionary when it comes to the companys economy. He should be capable enough of understanding all crucial fortes of the company and device ways of encasing upon the same. He should not forget that his decisions and fair play could affect en umerable people in numerous ways. Monitoring Company Performance A CFO of a company is a scorekeeper. He uses tools like the balanced scorecard, dashboards, analytical ratios, and ratio evaluation to communicate the projected and real situation of the company. He monitors the cash flow positions throughout the company, understands the sources and application of money, and maintains integrity of funds and other valuables of the company. He has the power to establish policies and ways for credit and collection, purchases and sales and all such financial obligations (Graham Smart, 2012). He understands the companys legal contract and statuary obligations. He knows all the hidden liabilities and expectations from loan covenants. The managing director of Syndicate Metals Limited should therefore be very careful about his decisions. The shareholders expect value creation and want their money to multiply. The shareholders invest money with this intention only. They want returns. In addition, the fulfilment of expectations of shareholders is the duty of the managing director. Responsibility of CFO can influence objective of the company Apart from the above mentioned duties that cover a major chunk of the CFOs functions there are some more functions associated with the CFO. He acts as a supervisor of the accounting and finance functions. He supports the accounts and financial function by framing policies and procedures. He also maintains the financial relationships. He maintains communications with investment bankers, financial analyst, and shareholders (Libby et. al, 2011). The CFO coordinates the long-term plans of the company with all the short-term plans. Maintaining shareholders relationships, keeping control records, maintenance of proper financial records and its circulation, all these are the concerns of the CFO. Apart from this he should also monitor the operational aspects. A CFO needs to be updated about all the laws and regulations concerning the company. Any change in the regulations and any update on law and its impact should be known by him. He should be well educated about any variances from the plan of action and such corrective action is taken which minimize the impact of the variances. His success shall depend on the manner the company performs in the long run and the manner of evaluation. In short, the roles and duties of CFO are multi facetted (Choi Meek, 2011). He should have full knowledge of the legal aspects concerning the company. He should be well versed of accounting and financial knowledge and should be aware of the economics concerning the company. Efficient Market Hypothesis The efficient market hypothesis opines that assets prices are base on information that is available in the market hence; it is not possible to go ahead of the market returns. Professor Eugene Fama developed the efficient market hypothesis. The professor contended that the stocks are projected at their fair value. He also held that the investors could not purchase undervalued shares or sell the overvalued ones. Hence, in no way the selection of stock can beat the market. He propagated that the only way to earn higher return is by purchasing riskier investments. However, economists on grounds of high level of uncertainty about future condemned this hypothesis (Ball, 1995). Role of pension fund manager Pension Fund Managers are responsible to ensure that pension schemes operate effectively and sustainably. A pension fund is a large pool of money that is paid by companies and individuals so to be accumulate over many years so that the benefits of the funds are reaped during the time of retirement. The pension fund managers are mostly involved in developing pensions policies and schemes that are beneficial for both the fund as well as the individuals. He also provides advice to the company (Merchant, 2012). He also supervises the overall administration of pensions schemes. Computation of performance and value of funds, providing updates to trustees, providing updates to scheme members, being an adviser to the company are few of the of a pension fund manager (Melville, 2013). Where on one hand technical analysis lays focus on the historical data and trends to predict market prices, efficient market hypothesis believes that post results cannot be used to outperform the market (Christensen, 2011). Therefore, it discounts the usage of technical analysis as a tool to generate market investment returns. Efficient Market hypothesis in relation to the fundamental analysis, states that the security prices projects all the necessary market information (Fama, 1998). Hence, fundamental analysis as a tool cannot be use to generate abnormal returns on security prices. Here, a definition of work of a fund manager is crucial. The fund management begins with an investment policy statement. For a given efficient market hypothesis, the fund management focus should not be in receiving average returns for investors. The focus should be on the theory that an average return will not be achievable. In addition, devise ways to achieve the same. A pension fund manager's focus should be on finding ways to outperform a particular threshold related to a particular investment idea (Kalpan, 2005). Here an assumption related to an investor is that no investor can reap abnormal profit. His focus is hence on devising ways to minimise costs. To attain the market rate of return, a diversification of portfolios is needed that is the job of the pension fund manage (Tanous , 1997). Hence, the job of a pension fund manager is far more crucial than it sounds. The role revolves around deciding on composition of portfolios, weighting of investments, reducing costs, increasing returns, and taking crucial decision upon the benefits and issues of the efficient Market hypothesis (Deegan, 2011). Hence, the job of a pension fund manager is not as simple as asking for a pin. References Ball, R 1995, The Theory of Stock Market Efficiency: Accomplishments and Limitations, Journal of Corporate Finance, vol. 8, pp. 4-18 Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Learning. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Christensen, J 2011, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Deegan, C. M 2011, In Financial accounting theory, North Ryde, N.S.W: McGraw-Hill. Fama, E.F 1998, Market Efficiency, Long-term Returns, and Behavioral Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 49, pp. 283-306 Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Kalpan , S.N Schoar, A 2005, Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence, and Capital Flows, Journal of Finance vol. 60, pp. 1795à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1823. Libby, R., Libby, P. Short, D 2011,Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Merchant, K. A 2012, Making Management Accounting Research More Useful, Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 1-34. Syndicated Metal Ltd 2015, Syndicated Metal Ltd Annual report 2015, viewed 9 September 2016, https://www.syndicatedmetals.com.au/reports/SMDAnnualReport2015FINAL.pdf Tanous, P 1997, Investment Gurus, New York Institute of Finance, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.1997.

In one of the biggest losses in American history, Essay Example For Students

In one of the biggest losses in American history, Essay Pearl Harbor stillstands for the sudden and deliberate attack the Japanese made on the Islandof Oahu in Hawaii on December 7th 1941. Everyone still remembers this dayin history as the only surprise attack on the United States.How comethis attack came without any knowledge to the U.S? Was there anyinformation regarding the involvement of a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?One of the main questions; was the information deliberately withheld fromthe Commanders in the Pacific Fleet? Many speculate but no one hasanswered this question to the fullest. Only different facts and views aregiven to help with this answer. YESThe start of this controversy started in 1900 when Secretary of StateJohn Hay made two notes known as the Open Door Policy. The first not wasto provide equal access to commercial right in China for all nations. Thesecond said for all countries to respect Chinas territorial andadministrative integrity. In 1922 the restatement of the Open Door policycame onto the Nine Power Treaty agreeing to assist China in forming astable government. Japan supported the agreements because of worldwideeconomic stability this would take a turn for the worst as a worldwidedepression would reach in 1931. Japan was now looking to expand therepolitical and economic influence on China as on Sept 18th 1931 the Japanesearmy over-ran Chinese troops stationed in South Manchuria. The League ofNations condemned Japans actions and the Japanese withdrew from theLeague. President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt specificallyannounced that there would be no U.S. involvement in any military actionnot in the U.S. Then in 1937 a full scale battle broke out between Japanand China which in-turn China receiving only nonmilitary aide from the U.S. This then involved many conflicts between the U.S. and Japan regarding theinvolvement of U.S. in any stature. Japan, Germany and Italy signed theTripartite Treaty on Sept 1940. Under that treaty war with Japan, meantwith Germany and Italy. Many pressures increased on Japan when the UnitedStates froze of all Japanese assets and trade with the U.S., Great Britain,and the Netherlands, the extension of financial and military aid to Chinain concert with Great Britain and the Netherlands which started early in1941. Then more pressure came upon the Japanese when Roosevelt gaveunmistakable evidence that he was not worried about the Pacific Fleetseffects upon Japanese diplomatic decisions when he authorized the weakeningof the fleet, already inferior to that of Japan by the detachment of 3battleships, 1 Aircraft carrier, 4 light cruisers and 18 destroyers forduty in the Atlantic. A movement in which Japanese spies in Hawaii wouldcertainly notice. U.S. Cryptanalyst had much success in reading code usedby the Japanese. At the same time Japanese Cryptanalysts also had successin reading our code involving movement in our Fleets. At this point youwould suppose a military act against the U.S. in some way.Maybe not aspecific threat (Location, time ect.) but would cause an alert for militaryto be on guard for a military movement against the United States by theJapanese. Meaning not weakening forces in the Pacific leaving Pearl Harboran open area for attack. Roosevelt also knew from ongoing treaty trieswith the Japanese that this was the last straw with the Japs. Also pureevidence that the attack was happening when Ambassador Grew a politicalanalyst in Tokyo overheard a conversion with diplomatic leaders that therewill be an attack on Pearl Harbor. At first we did not know if there wouldbe an attack, or where or where. Now we have evidence that it will happen. Roosevelt still refused and Japanese involvement because of specificdetails that were excluded from Grews statement. Obviously we hadinformation regarding an attack on Pearl Harbor. Some say PresidentRoosevelt withheld information from Admiral Kimmel, the Pacific Fleetscommander, so that an attack would inevitably bring U.S. into a war withthe Japanese. The attack would then be a prelude to the defeat of the AxisPowers. Culture as the traditions we learn from our family Essay March 31, 1941 A Navy report by Bellinger and Martin predicted that if Japan made war on the US, they would strike Pearl Harbor without warning at dawn with aircraft from a maximum of 6 carriers. For years Navy planners had assumed that Japan, on the outbreak of war, would strike the American fleet wherever it was. The fleet was the only threat to Japans plans. Logically, Japan couldnt engage in any major operation with the American fleet on its flank. The strategic options for the Japanese were not unlimited. August 10 1941, the top British agent, code named Tricycle, Dusko Popov, told the FBI of the planned attack on Pearl Harbor and that it would be soon. The FBI told him that his information was too precise, too complete to be believed. The questionnaire plus the other information you brought spell out in detail exactly where, when, how, and by whom we are to be attacked. If anything, it sounds like a trap. He also repor ted that a senior Japanese naval person had gone to Taranto to collect all secret data on the attack there and that it was of utmost importance to them. The info was given to Naval IQ. I would like to know how the information was too precise. It says that Japan will attack Pearl Harbor. Too precise? September 24 1941, the bomb plot message in J-19 code from Japan Naval Intelligence to Japan s consul general in Honolulu requesting grid of exact locations of ships pinpointed for the benefit of bombardiers and torpedo pilots was deciphered. There was no reason to know the EXACT location of ships in harbor, unless to attack them it was a dead giveaway. Chief of War Plans Turner and Chief of Naval Operations Stark repeatedly kept it and warnings based on it prepared by Safford and others from being passed to Hawaii. The chief of Naval Intelligence Captain Kirk was replaced because he insisted on warning HI. It was lack of information like this that lead to the exoneration of the Hawaii commanders and the blaming of Washington for unpreparedness for the attack by the Army Board and Navy Court. At no time did the Japanese ever ask for a similar bomb plot for any other American military installation. Why the Roosevelt administration allowed flagrant Japanese spying on PH has never been explained, but they blocked 2 Congressional investigations in the fall of 1941 to allow it to continue. The bomb plots were addressed to Chief of 3rd Bureau, Naval General Staff, marked Secret Intelligence message, and given special serial numbers, so their significance couldnt be missed. There were about 95 ships in port. This and about 2 full pages of signals were received by our government. Obviously after reviewing all of this incredible information I was mind boggled from the fact that none of the Admirals in command of the Pacific fleet were informed of this information. Is it possible that other attacks on the United States could have been prevented if information had not been withheld?

Omar Khayyam Life

Introduction Omar Khayyam is a name most associated with astrology, poetry and mathematics. He was born on the 18th of may 1048 in Nishapur, Persia, which is presently called Iran. His full names were Ghiyath al-Din Abu’l-Fath Umar Ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami, which in literal translation mean ‘tent maker’. Many believe his origins could be Arabic because his name Khayyam has affiliation with the Khayyami tribe who have Arabic ancestry and settled in Persia (Iran).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Omar Khayyam’ Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Much of his younger life is not documented as little is known. However, it is clearly known that he lived in Nishapur for almost his entire life and schooled in Samarqand. His life was mostly shaped by the events that took place during the 11th century, for example, the establishment of the Mesopotamian empire that was a ruthless unsta ble empire whose main goal was to establish a Muslim orthodox state. During this time, Togril Berg who was the current ruler of Seljuq proclaimed himself sultan while in Nishapur where Omar Khayyam grew up. The year 1123 was a sad time in the world, because it’s when this brilliant scholar died. He was later buried in a mausoleum in Imamzadeh Mahruq in Nishapur (Green 2-3). Contributions His major contribution was in the fields of algebra where he classified most algebraic equations; whereby, top on the list was the third degree equations. He not only tried to classify them, but he also gave solutions to some of them, including the geometric explanation of partial geometric and providing of 13 different types of cubic equations, which can be read in his book, the Maqalat Fial-Jabr Wa Al-Muqabila. This book portrays his brilliance especially when it comes to classification of complex equations. He also made made some discoveries that led to the formulation of the binomial expa nsion, based on it having a positive integer. This great scholar was also the first mathematician to formulate the binomial theorem as well as its coefficients (Green 2-5). Khayyam also introduced a calendar known as the Al-Tarikh-al-Jalali, which was significant because of its precision. Science is another area that Khayyam excelled in. His studies included gravity methodoligies, whereby he created ways of precisely determining certain gravity and also contributed to the science world with his three publications in metaphysics. This title of the books that he wrote on in this field were the Nauruz-Namah, which was only until recently discovered and the Risala Dar Wujud. Poetry is another area that Khayyam exceled in. His popularity began when his book the ‘Quatrains’ was translated and published in English in the year 1839. His book is now a classic that is used as a literature material.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the full interpretation of his book may not be really achieved due to the complexity and weight of his mystical messages, his popularity still increases daily due to the richness of his thoughts. In spite of Khayyam writing more than ten books, only thirty monographs have been identified to date. These are in the areas of physics, one geometry and algebra, and four in the field of mathematics (Green 3-8). Family and Education As concerns his family, little is still known about it. Most of the details are based on assumptions. For example, it is believed that he was born in a tent maker’s family and resided in Balkh town. In the early stages of his education, he was under the guidance of Imam Mowaffaq Nishapuri; one of the celebrated tutors of the time in Khorassan. Later he acquired his education in Samarkand. Later on, he shifted to Bukhara where he got his accreditation in the field of mathematics as well astronomy based in medieval principles. During his life, he was privileged to travel to important higher learning institutions where he got a chance to enhance his study and also to interact with other scholars. Some of the institutions he visited were the Balkh, Samarqand and Isphahan. During his visits to Samarqand, he was treated with apparent kindness due to his brilliance by high ranking people officials (Green 3-6). Conclusion Khayyam did not always find it easy in life in spite of his superior intellect. In the year 1092, his nightmare began when his funding to run the observatory was stopped because of his earlier support to Malik Shad; the ruler of the time. This meant that his pet project of his calendar reform was frozen. Additionally, during the same time, he received criticism from the Orthodox Muslims who questioned the origins of his concepts by claiming that they were not line with the Muslim teachings; hence, he had to spend a lot of time moving between courts. For him, regai ning his honor was very important to him. Despite all these, his work will always be remembered for centuries to come as he is known to be a man whose brilliance was ahead of his time. Works Cited Green, Robert. Omar Khayyam: Much More Than a Poet. Montgomery College  Student Journal Of Science Mathematics 1 (2002). 2-8. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Omar Khayyam’ Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Omar Khayyam’ Life was written and submitted by user Cayden U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States

Smallest Capital Cities in the United States The United States of America is made up of 50 individual states and one national capital city - Washington, D.C. Each state has its own capital city where the center of the states government exists. These state capitals vary in size but all are important to how politics operate in the states. Some of the largest state capitals in the U.S. are Phoenix, Arizona with a city population of over 1.6 million people (this makes it the largest U.S. state capital by population) as well as Indianapolis, Indiana, and Columbus, Ohio. There are many other capital cities in the U.S. that are much smaller than these large cities. The following is a list of the ten smallest capital cities in the U.S. For reference, the state that they are in, along with the population of the states largest city has also been included. All population numbers were obtained from Citydata.com and are representative of July 2009 population estimates. 1.Montpelier Population: 7,705 State: Vermont Largest City: Burlington (38,647) 2.Pierre Population: 14,072 State: South Dakota Largest City: Sioux Falls (157,935) 3.Augusta Population: 18,444 State: Maine Largest City: Portland (63,008) 4. Frankfort Population: 27,382 State: Kentucky Largest City: Lexington-Fayette (296,545) 5.Helena Population: 29,939 State: Montana Largest City: Billings (105,845) 6.Juneau Population: 30,796 State: Alaska Largest City: Anchorage (286,174) 7.Dover Population: 36,560 State: Delaware Largest City: Wilmington (73,069) 8. Annapolis Population: 36,879 State: Maryland Largest City: Baltimore (637,418) 9. Jefferson City Population: 41,297 State: Missouri Largest City: Kansas City (482,299) 10. Concord Population: 42,463 State: New Hampshire Largest City: Manchester (109,395)

1979 Seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca

1979 Seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca The seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 1979 is a seminal event in the evolution of Islamist terrorism. Yet the seizure is mostly a footnote in contemporary history. It shouldnt be. The Grand Mosque in Mecca is a massive, 7-acre compound that can accommodate some 1 million worshippers at any one time, especially during the annual hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca centered on circling the sacred Kaaba in the heart of the Grand Mosque. The marble mosque in its current shape is the result of a 20-year, $18 billion renovation project began in 1953 by the House of Saud, the ruling monarchy in Saudi Arabia, which considers itself the guardian and custodian of the Arab Peninsula’s holiest sites, the Grand Mosque topmost among them. The monarchy’s contractor of choice was the Saudi Bin Laden Group, led by the man who in 1957, became the father of Osama bin Laden. The Grand Mosque, however, first came to wide Western attention on November 20, 1979. Coffins as Weapons Cache: Seizure of the Grand Mosque At 5 that morning, the final day of the hajj, Sheikh Mohammed al-Subayil, imam of the Grand Mosque, was preparing to address 50,000 worshipers through a microphone inside the mosque. Among the worshipers, what looked like mourners bearing coffins on their shoulders and wearing headbands made their way through the crowd. It wasnt an unusual sight. Mourners often brought their dead for a blessing at the mosque. But they had no mourning in mind. Sheikh Mohammed al-Subayil was shoved aside by men who took machine guns from beneath their robes, fired them in the air and at a few policemen nearby, and yelled to the crowd that â€Å"The Mahdi has appeared!† Mahdi is the Arabic word for messiah. The mourners set their coffins down, opened them up, and produced an arsenal of weaponry that they then brandished and fired at the crowd. That was only part of their arsenal. An Attempted Overthrow by a Would-Be Messiah The attack was led by Juhayman al-Oteibi, a fundamentalist preacher and former member of the Saudi National Guard, and Mohammed Abdullah al-Qahtani, who claimed to be the Mahdi. The two men openly called for a revolt against the Saudi monarchy, accusing it of having betrayed Islamic principles and sold out to western countries. The militants, who numbered close to 500, were well armed, their weapons, in addition to their coffin arsenal, having been stashed gradually in the days and weeks before the assault in small chambers beneath the Mosque. They were prepared to lay siege to the mosque for a long time. The siege lasted two weeks, though it did not end before a bloodbath in underground chambers where militants had retreated with hundreds of hostagesand bloody repercussions in Pakistan and Iran. In Pakistan, a mob of Islamist students enraged by a false report that the United States was behind the mosque seizure, attacked the American embassy in Islamabad and killed two Americans. Irans Ayatollah Khomeini called the attack and the murders a great joy, and also blamed the seizure on the United States and Israel. In Mecca, Saudi authorities considered attacking the hold-outs without regard for the hostages. Instead, Prince Turki, the youngest son of King Faisal and the man in charge of reclaiming the Grand Mosque, summoned a French secret service officer, Count Claude Alexandre de Marenches, who recommended that the hold-outs be gassed unconscious. Indiscriminate Killing As Lawrence Wright describes it in The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, A team of three French commandos from the Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN) arrived in Mecca. Because of the prohibition against non-Muslims entering the holy city, they converted to Islam in a brief, formal ceremony. The commandos pumped gas into the underground chambers, but perhaps because the rooms were so bafflingly interconnected, the gas failed and the resistance continued.With casualties climbing, Saudi forces drilled holes into the courtyard and dropped grenades into the rooms below, indiscriminately killing many hostages but driving the remaining rebels into more open areas where they could be picked off by sharpshooters. More than two weeks after the assault began, the surviving rebels finally surrendered. At dawn on Jan. 9, 1980, in the public squares of eight Saudi cities, including Mecca, 63 Grand Mosque militants were beheaded by sword on orders of the king. Among the condemned, 41 are Saudi, 10 from Egypt, 7 from Yemen (6 of them from what was then South Yemen), 3 from Kuwait, 1 from Iraq and 1 from the Sudan. Saudi authorities report that 117 militants died as a result of the siege, 87 during the fighting, 27 in hospitals. Authorities also noted that 19 militants received death sentences that were later commuted to life in prison. Saudi security forces suffered 127 deaths and 451 wounded. Were the bin Ladens Involved? This much is known: Osama bin Laden would have been 22 at the time of the attack. He would have likely heard Juhayman al-Oteibi preach. The Bin Laden Group was still heavily involved in the renovation of the Grand Mosque: the company’s engineers and workers had open access to the mosque’s grounds, Bin Laden trucks were inside the compound frequently, and bin Laden workers were familiar with the compound’s every recess: they built some of them. It would be a stretch, however, to assume that because the bin Ladens were involved in construction, they were also involved in the attack. What’s also known is that the company shared all maps and layouts they had of the mosque with authorities to facilitate the Saudi Special Forces’ counter-attack. It would not have been in the bin Laden Group’s interest, enriched as it had become almost exclusively through Saudi government contracts, to aid the regime’s opponents. Just as certainly, what Juhayman al-Oteibi and the â€Å"Mahdi† were preaching, advocating and rebelling against is almost word for word, eye for an eye, what Osama bin Laden would preach and advocate subsequently. The Grand Mosque takeover was not an al-Qaeda operation by any means. But it would become an inspiration, and a stepping stone, to al-Qaeda less than a decade and a half later.

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example The conceptual framework of accounting holds accounting theories related to taxation together. The framework establishes goal and objectives of financial reporting by businesses. Financial accounting information provides useful information for making business and economic decision such as taxation (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2005, p. 121). The theory that financial reporting should avail significant information for taxation recognizes that reporting does not exist out of the legal, economic, political, and social environment. The conceptual framework of accounting ensures that accounting information in relation to taxation is relevant, comparable, reliable, and consistent (Bebbington, Gray & Laughlin, 2001, p. 97). Comparability and consistency of taxation benefit from having  Generally  Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Adhering to financial statements to GAAP in relation to taxation means, they are consistent from year to year and the tax difference between various companies can be c ompared. Therefore, the accounting theories help in practical analysis of taxation in a business. The accounting theories of taxation function on four assumptions. The economic entity assumption illustrates that the practices of a business are distinct from the actions of the owner. It means that tax is computed separately for the company’s profit generation. In addition, the income tax of an employee is distinctively calculated in relation to the amount of salary gained. The going concern assumption states that when financial statements are prepared, the accountant assumes that the company will move without threat of dissolution or bankruptcy (Riahi-Belkaoui, 2005, p. 97). Therefore, it means that the likely taxable amount is already catered for in the financial statements hence in the event of taxation, the business does not feel any

International Tourism Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Tourism Development - Assignment Example One of the most notable projects of WTO is The Silk Road Project which revitalizes the ancient highways used by Marco Polo through tourism. This project was adhered to by 22 countries and stretches 12,000 km. Another is the creation of Task Force for Destination management which is a move to further decentralize tourism administration on a global scale. Some concerns of the task force include management of congestion at coastal destinations; economic measurement of tourism at the local level; destination marketing for cities; information and communication technologies; human resource development; and risk and crisis management at individual tourism destinations. This has significantly improved tourism destinations, especially in emerging economies.It is irrefutable that tourism depends on the economic conditions of different nations. Currently, this is reflected by the tourism activities of the growing economies like China, India, and Brazil. As economies grow, it is often expected t hat the level of disposable income also rises and a significant portion of this increase in income will be spent on tourism. This fact is mirrored by the current trend in tourism. As more emerging economies are growing, there is a stronger demand for tourism. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism for leisure surpasses tourism for business purposes in 2005.Sociocultural factors specifically the perceived importance of taking holidays and vacations are improving demand for tourism. The global mentality which is the current trend also increases the attractiveness of travel.Technological innovation also has a significant impact on the tourism industry specifically on how tourism business is conducted. The advent of internet technology proved to be highly beneficial in the marketing efforts of tourism companies. Consequently, firms are able to market at a lower cost, reaching more geographic locations and market at a faster and more efficient way. Another role of technolog y is the facilitation of e-conferences for the benefit of members.

Essay --

Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language intervention at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interventions use an IQ test as measurement, but they chose to instead look at the growth of the everyday language of the children. The test also included University of Kansas professors' children for comparison. The language intensive activities used resulted in a spur of new vocabulary words, but the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the vocabulary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in vocabulary growth rate between the Turner House children and the professors' children. This concluded that if they were to understand the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of vocabulary growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until three years old. Families were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make sure they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. Thirteen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welfare. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The children's vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest vocabulary and lowest rate of vocabulary growth. These children's skills were diverging from the skills of the professors' children. Curious to see if the children's initial vocabulary would influence school performance at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls â€Å"social fact† in his book â€Å"The Rules of the Sociological Method† is â€Å"the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken collectively†. This could also be read as â€Å"the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system†. Social fact can’t exist without well-defined social organization. Durkheim claims â€Å"most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the outside†. This ties back to what â€Å"The 30 Million Word Gap† was about. The social facts imposed on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the child’s image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and feeling exist outside of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social fact has been imposed on them. Essay -- Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language intervention at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interventions use an IQ test as measurement, but they chose to instead look at the growth of the everyday language of the children. The test also included University of Kansas professors' children for comparison. The language intensive activities used resulted in a spur of new vocabulary words, but the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the vocabulary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in vocabulary growth rate between the Turner House children and the professors' children. This concluded that if they were to understand the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of vocabulary growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until three years old. Families were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make sure they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. Thirteen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welfare. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The children's vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest vocabulary and lowest rate of vocabulary growth. These children's skills were diverging from the skills of the professors' children. Curious to see if the children's initial vocabulary would influence school performance at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls â€Å"social fact† in his book â€Å"The Rules of the Sociological Method† is â€Å"the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken collectively†. This could also be read as â€Å"the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system†. Social fact can’t exist without well-defined social organization. Durkheim claims â€Å"most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the outside†. This ties back to what â€Å"The 30 Million Word Gap† was about. The social facts imposed on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the child’s image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and feeling exist outside of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social fact has been imposed on them.